Radiographic and antimicrobial evaluation of enterococcus Faecalis and Actinomyces Israelii micro-organisms after photodynamic therapy (aPDT).

This study evaluated the action of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) on Enterococcus faecalis and Actinomyces israelii. Samples were taken from the root canal system, at different stages of treatment and bacteria were identified through qPCR. Fifty teeth (incisors, canines, and premolars) with pulp necrosis and periapical lesion diagnosis were randomly selected and divided into 2 groups: Group 1 (G1) - Endodontic Therapy with Mechanical Chemical Preparation (MPQ) and intracanal medication; Group 2 (G2) - Endodontic therapy with MPQ, intracanal medication, and 2 applications of aPDT. APDT was performed with application of 0.005% methylene blue, wavelength of 660 nm, and 90 seconds. Follow-up was performed with an initial x-ray and an x-ray 60 days after the end of treatment. The radiographs were scored evaluated by two examiners to classify periapical repair: total repair, partial repair, doubtful repair, or no repair. Enterococcus faecalis was found more frequently in G1 than G2. Actinomyces israelii was found equally in G1 and G2. Evaluation of the two bacteria between collections 1, 2 and 3, showed that there was no difference, both in G1 and in G2. There was association between the variables group and repair classification in radiographs evaluation. APDT did not promote better results in endodontic treatment, being similar to conventional treatment. However, this study pointed out that molecular methods may not be efficient in detecting bacteria after treatment, and colony-forming units may complement, being an effective quantifying method. Therefore, new studies must be carried out to show the possible effectiveness of aPDT.

Cytotoxicity, inflammation, biomineralization, and immunoexpression of IL-1ß and TNF-α promoted by a new bioceramic cement.

Aim To evaluate the cytotoxicity, biocompatibility and mineralization capacity of BIO-C PULPO, and MTA. Methodology L929 fibroblasts were cultured and MTT assay was used to determine the material cytotoxicity on 6, 24, and 48 h. A total of 30 male rats (Wistar) aged between 4 and 6 months, weighing between 250 and 300 g were used. Polyethylene tubes containing BIO-C PULPO, MTA, and empty tubes were implanted into dorsal connective tissue. After the experimental periods (7, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days) the tubes were histologically analyzed using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), immunolabeling of IL-1ß and TNF-α, and von Kossa staining, or without staining for polarized light analysis. The average number of inflammatory cells was quantified; the mineralization assessment was determined by the area marked in µm2 and semiquantitative immunolabeling analyses of IL-1ß and TNF-α were performed. Then, data underwent statistical analysis with a 5% significance level. Results It was observed that BIO-C PULPO and MTA presented cytocompatibility at 6, 24, and 48 similar or higher than control for all evaluated period. On periods 7 and 15 days, BIO-C PULPO was the material with the highest number of inflammatory cells (p<0.05). On periods 30, 60, and 90 days, BIO-C PULPO and MTA presented similar inflammatory reactions (p>0.05). No statistical differences were found between Control, BIO-C PULPO, and MTA for immunolabeling of IL-1ß and TNF-α in the different periods of analysis (p<0.05). Positive von Kossa staining and birefringent structures under polarized light were observed in all analyzed periods in contact with both materials, but larger mineralization area was found with BIO-C PULPO on day 90 (p<0.05). Conclusion BIO-C PULPO was biocompatible and induced mineralization similar to MTA.

Cytotoxicity, inflammation, biomineralization, and immunoexpression of IL-1β and TNF-α promoted by a new bioceramic cement

Abstract Aim To evaluate the cytotoxicity, biocompatibility and mineralization capacity of BIO-C PULPO, and MTA. Methodology L929 fibroblasts were cultured and MTT assay was used to determine the material cytotoxicity on 6, 24, and 48 h. A total of 30 male rats (Wistar) aged between 4 and 6 months, weighing between 250 and 300 g were used. Polyethylene tubes containing BIO-C PULPO, MTA, and empty tubes were implanted into dorsal connective tissue. After the experimental periods (7, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days) the tubes were histologically analyzed using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), immunolabeling of IL-1β and TNF-α, and von Kossa staining, or without staining for polarized light analysis. The average number of inflammatory cells was quantified; the mineralization assessment was determined by the area marked in μm2 and semiquantitative immunolabeling analyses of IL-1β and TNF-α were performed. Then, data underwent statistical analysis with a 5% significance level. Results It was observed that BIO-C PULPO and MTA presented cytocompatibility at 6, 24, and 48 similar or higher than control for all evaluated period. On periods 7 and 15 days, BIO-C PULPO was the material with the highest number of inflammatory cells (p<0.05). On periods 30, 60, and 90 days, BIO-C PULPO and MTA presented similar inflammatory reactions (p>0.05). No statistical differences were found between Control, BIO-C PULPO, and MTA for immunolabeling of IL-1β and TNF-α in the different periods of analysis (p<0.05). Positive von Kossa staining and birefringent structures under polarized light were observed in all analyzed periods in contact with both materials, but larger mineralization area was found with BIO-C PULPO on day 90 (p<0.05). Conclusion BIO-C PULPO was biocompatible and induced mineralization similar to MTA.

Endodontical treatment of periapical tooth injury with photodynamic therapy: Case report.

This article describes the use of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) during the endodontic treatment of teeth with periapical lesion. Patients presented tooth 35 with diagnostic hypotheses of Periapical Cyst or Granuloma. The Crown-Down preparation was performed with the HyFlex CM system. In case I it was not possible to reach the working length, in case II the foraminal debridement was performed at the actual tooth length. In the final irrigation, the E1 - Irrisonic ultrasonic insert was used, promoting sequentially agitation of NaOCl 2.5%, EDTA 17% and NaOCl 2.5%. Then, PDT was applied with 0.005% methylene blue dye. Calcium Hydroxide with Parammonochlorophenol was used and after 15 days, the final irrigation protocol and PDT were performed again. After 90 days of case I and 1 year of case II, the total lesion regression was observed in both cases. It is concluded that the proposed treatment improved the microbial disinfection favoring the regression of the periapical alterations providing satisfactory clinical and radiographic results.

Hypertension affects the biocompatibility and biomineralization of MTA, High-plasticity MTA, and Biodentine®.

This study evaluated the effect of hypertension on tissue response and biomineralization capacity of white Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), High-plasticity MTA (MTA HP), and Biodentine® (BDT) in rats. Polyethylene tubes filled with MTA, MTA HP, BDT, and the control group (empty tubes) were placed into the dorsal subcutaneous tissue of 32 male rats (16 normotensive (NT) and 16 hypertensive rats - 8 per group). After 7 and 30 days, the polyethylene tubes surrounded by connective tissue were removed, fixed, and embedded in histological resin. The mean number of inflammatory cells was estimated in HE-stained sections, biomineralization was quantified as area (µm2) by Kossa (VK) staining, and examination by polarized light (LP) microscopy was performed. The differences amongst the groups were analyzed statistically by the Mann-Whitney or Student's t test, according to Shapiro-Wilk test of normality (p < 0.05). The inflammatory responses to all materials were greater in hypertensive rats than in NT rats (p < 0.05). Positive VK staining in MTA and BDT were more pronounced in NT rats at 7 and 30 days (p < 0.05). Birefringent structures in LP for MTA, MTA HP, and BDT were more pronounced in NT rats at 7 days (p<0.05). In rats, hypertension was able to increase inflammatory infiltrate and decrease biomineralization of the tested materials.

Hypertension affects the biocompatibility and biomineralization of MTA, High-plasticity MTA, and Biodentine®

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of hypertension on tissue response and biomineralization capacity of white Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), High-plasticity MTA (MTA HP), and Biodentine® (BDT) in rats. Polyethylene tubes filled with MTA, MTA HP, BDT, and the control group (empty tubes) were placed into the dorsal subcutaneous tissue of 32 male rats (16 normotensive (NT) and 16 hypertensive rats - 8 per group). After 7 and 30 days, the polyethylene tubes surrounded by connective tissue were removed, fixed, and embedded in histological resin. The mean number of inflammatory cells was estimated in HE-stained sections, biomineralization was quantified as area (µm2) by Kossa (VK) staining, and examination by polarized light (LP) microscopy was performed. The differences amongst the groups were analyzed statistically by the Mann-Whitney or Student's t test, according to Shapiro-Wilk test of normality (p < 0.05). The inflammatory responses to all materials were greater in hypertensive rats than in NT rats (p < 0.05). Positive VK staining in MTA and BDT were more pronounced in NT rats at 7 and 30 days (p < 0.05). Birefringent structures in LP for MTA, MTA HP, and BDT were more pronounced in NT rats at 7 days (p<0.05). In rats, hypertension was able to increase inflammatory infiltrate and decrease biomineralization of the tested materials.

Traumatic periapical lesion only identified through cone beam computed tomography: a case report.

This case report describes the diagnosis of a traumatic periapical lesion, caused by parafunctional habits (bruxism) and associated with bone rarefaction, that had not been identified by periapical radiography. Slight edema was observed clinically at the apical region of the maxillary left canine; however, the tooth demonstrated only physiologic mobility, and the results of a pulpal sensitivity test were inconclusive. A cone beam computed tomogram (CBCT) showed the presence of a periapical lesion. After preparation of the root canal, intracanal medication (calcium hydroxide and paramonochlorophenol) was placed and changed once a month for 2 months. After 60 days (at the time of the second medication change), the edema at the apical region was no longer visible. The root canal was filled, and CBCTs obtained 30 days and 24 months after completion of treatment showed that the lesion had regressed with bone repair. Although it is an expensive procedure, CBCT is important in the examination and diagnosis of periapical lesions that may not be seen in periapical radiographs.

Marginal leakage of temporary restoration after intraradicular post preparation with or without waterproofing / Infiltração marginal de restauração temporária após o preparo de pino intrarradicular com ou sem impermeabilização

Objective: This study evaluated the leakage volume of 1% Rhodamine B which received or not an internal waterproofing material. The hypothesis is that the waterproofing reduces microleakage. Material and Methods: Forty-two human teeth were selected for this study. After access, preparation, and filling of root canals, the teeth were divided into 3 groups: GI ­ sealed with Cimpat Blanc®, without intraradicular post/core preparation; GII - sealed with Cimpat Blanc®, with intraradicular post/core preparation, and GIII ­ sealed with Cimpat Blanc®, with intraradicular post/core preparation and internal waterproofing material with ethyl cyanoacrylate. T-test was used to analyze difference between initial and final weight and there was difference (p < 0.05). To analyze infiltration of the colorant, the volume was the comparison variable. Results: Shapiro Wilktest was applied and showed normal distribution of the variables. ANOVA (p = 0.0013 / p< 0.5). Conclusion: In endodontically treated teeth receiving temporary restoration, the use of ethyl cyanoacrylate as internal waterproofing material is effective in preventing microleakage. (AU)

Objetivos: Este estudo avaliou o volume de infiltração de Rhodamine B 1% com ou sem impermeabilização interna. A hipótese é que a impermeabilização reduz a microinfiltração. Material e Métodos: Foram selecionados 42 dentes humanos para este estudo. Após o acesso, o preparo e a obturação dos canais radiculares, os dentes foram divididos em 3 grupos: GI - sem preparo para núcleo intrarradicular e selado com Cimpat Blanc®; GII - com preparo para núcleo intrarradicular e selado com Cimpat Blanc®, e GIII - com preparo para núcleo intrarradicular, impermeabilizado internamente com cianoacrilato de etila e selado com Cimpat Blanc®. O teste T foi utilizado para analisar a diferença entre o peso inicial e o peso final (p < 0,05). Para analisar a infiltração do corante, o volume era a variável de comparação. Resultados: o teste de Shapiro Wilk foi aplicado e mostrou distribuição normal das variáveis. O teste ANOVA (p = 0,0013 / p < 5%) foi aplicado e determinou uma diferença estatística entre os grupos. Ao comparar os grupos em conjunto, GIII mostra a menor taxa de vazamento quando comparado aos outros grupos, sendo estatisticamente diferente (teste de Tukey - p < 0,5). Conclusão: Nos dentes endodonticamente tratados com restauração temporária, o uso de cianoacrilato de etila como material impermeabilizante interno é eficaz na prevenção da microinfiltração (AU)

Radicular Perforation Repair with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate: A Case Report with 10-Year Follow-up.

BACKGROUND: Iatrogenic complications such as accidental perforation of the root or the floor of the pulp chamber may occur. CASE REPORT: Patient was referred for root canal retreatment of the mandibular left second molar with periapical lesion evidenced through radiographic examination. During post removal, iatrogenic perforation occurred at the mesial face of the distal root. After clinical localization of the perforation and bleeding control, MTA was applied. In a second appointment, the root canal filling was removed and the chemical-surgical retreatment of the canals was performed, followed by the obturation with gutta-percha and sealer. Patient returned after three days reporting no pain. After 6 months, 3, 7 and 10 years of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Absence of pain, normal periodontal probing and lack of radiolucent area at the region of perforation and the periapices were detected, which evidenced the successful repair of the tooth.

In situ study of the gelatinase activity in demineralized dentin from rat molar teeth.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in dentin are believed to participate in various physiological and pathological events in coronal dentin, but their exact source and location is not clear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the activity of gelatinases in decalcified rat molars crowns by in situ zymography. Hemi-mandibles of five male Wistar rats were fixed in paraformaldehyde, decalcified in EDTA and glycerol solution and embedded in paraffin. Sections from the region of molar teeth were incubated with or without DQ gelatin in 50mM Tris-CaCl2 at 37°C for 2h and observed by means of confocal microscopy. Gelatinolytic activity was observed throughout the coronal dentin with varying intensities in different locations. High gelatinase activity was observed in the dentinal tubules, dentin-enamel junction (DEJ) and predentin, and it was weaker and less uniform in the intertubular dentin. This study shows that the location of gelatinase and relative activity can be detected by means of in situ zymography and confocal microcopy, and this methodology may provide a useful tool in studies on the role of gelatinases in tooth development, maturation and in pathological conditions.

Biocompatibility of an experimental MTA sealer implanted in the rat subcutaneous: quantitative and immunohistochemical evaluation.

The tissue reaction promoted by an experimental mineral trioxide aggregate sealer (MTAS) in the rat subcutaneous was evaluated by morphological and morphometric analyses. In the animals from each group (n = 20), polyethylene tubes filled with MTAS, Portland cement (PC) or MTA were implanted in the dorsal subcutaneous. In the control group, empty tubes were implanted. After 7, 14, 30, and 60 days, the specimens were fixed and embedded in paraffin. In the HE-stained sections, the numerical density of inflammatory cells (IC) in the capsule was evaluated and statistical analyses performed (p ≤ 0.05). The expression of osteopontin (OPN) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The von Kossa method for detection of calcified structures was also performed. A moderate inflammatory process in the capsule was seen in all groups, at 7 and 14 days. At 60 days, significant reduction in the number of IC was verified in comparison to initial periods; however, significant differences were not verified among the groups. OPN immunolabeling was observed in the fibroblasts cytoplasm of the capsule next to the implants. Structures von Kossa-positive were observed in the capsule adjacent to all materials implanted at 7, 14, and 30 days. The results strongly indicate that MTAS presents biocompatibility similarly to MTA and PC.

Marketing em Odontologia: uma ferramenta que faz a diferença / Marketing in Dentistry: a tool that makes the difference

O grande número de cirurgiões-dentistas no mercado de trabalho brasileiro tem elevado a competitividade no âmbito odontológico, levando o profissional a recorrer a diferentes estratégias na tentativa de atrair pacientes. Este trabalho visou relatar diferentes formas de marketing odontológico, mostrando como estas podem fortalecer o vínculo entre profissional e paciente e tornar-se uma alternativa para enfrentar a concorrência do mercado. Concluiu-se que os recursos de marketing em Odontologia são inúmeros e podem ser aplicados de maneira eficaz e simples, desde que amparados nos fundamentos da ética, podem fazer com que o cirurgião-dentista se destaque, atraia e fidelize pacientes, garantindo seu sucesso profissional.

MTA versus Portland cement: review of literature

Introduction: Both Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) and Portland cement (PC) have been highlighted because of their favorable biological properties, with extensive applications in Endodontics, including the possibility of using into root canal filling. Objective: This article reviews literature related to MTA and PC comparing their physical, chemical and biological properties, as well as their indications. Literature review: Literature reports studies revealing the similarities between these materials' properties, including both biocompatibility and bone repair induction. Moreover, there is the need for the development of a root canal sealer based on these materials (MTA and PC). Conclusion: MTA and CP show promissory perspective both in Dentistry and Endodontics.

Ferramentas automatizadas: o reflexo da evolução tecnológica na odontologia / Automated tools: the reflex of the technological evolution in dentistry

Os equipamentos automatizados permitem maior praticidade e rapidez nos procedimentos clínicos, auxiliam na realização de um diagnóstico mais preciso, além de atuarem como uma poderosa ferramenta de marketing que diferencia o cirurgião-dentista frente a um mercado cada vez mais competitivo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar alguns aparelhos automatizados e novidades tecnológicas com aplicação na área odontológica, demonstrando os benefícios que estes proporcionam para o profissional e seus pacientes. A sinformações foram obtidas em sites de fabricantes e representantes dos equipamentos, por meio de ferramentas de busca na Internet. Observou-se que os equipamentos automatizados disponíveis no mercado odontológico apresentam destacada aplicabilidade clínica, maximizando a qualidade do procedimento e minimizando o tempo de atendimento.

Informatização do consultório odontológico / Informatization of dental office

Softwares odontológicos promovem o gerenciamento prático das tarefas clínico-administrativas de consultórios odontológicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi correlacionar diferentes softwares (Pro Dent, IS-Odonto, ExDental, Dental Pro, Dental Office, Dental Clinic, Dentalis, Easy Dental), através de pesquisa em sites especializados na internet, enumerando suas vantagens e desvantagens. Diante da diversidade de softwares odontológicos disponíveis no mercado, para sua escolha devem ser considerados aspectos como facilidade de utilização, presença de agenda e controles administrativos, arquivamento de imagens, abrangência da especialidade do cirurgião-dentista, contato direto com os responsáveis pelo seu desenvolvimento, além dos aspectos éticos que envolvem sua utilização.

Estudo comparativo dos efeitos de selantes hemostáticos no reparo ósseo de tíbia de ratos / Comparative study of the effects of hemostatic sealants in the repair of rat tibias

Objetivo: Verificar por meio de análise histológica os efeitos de agentes hemostáticos na reparação óssea, colocados em defeitos ósseos nas tíbias direita e esquerda de ratos jovens. Métodos: Foram utilizados 32 ratos machos (Holtzman). Após assepsia e anestesia, foi realizada incisão de 1cm em cada perna, expondo a região anterior da tíbia. Utilizando um micromotor e broca esférica, foram preparadas cavidades, expondo a medula óssea, as quais foram irrigadas com ácido épsilon-aminocapróico (EACA) ou preenchidas com gelatina absorvível Gelfoam. Nos períodos de sete, 14, 30, 45 dias, os animais foram sacrificados segundo o protocolo bioético, as tíbias removidas e fixadas em formol a 10% para inclusão em parafina e análise em microscopia de luz. Resultados: A análise dos cortes histológicos demonstrou que em todos os grupos (controle e tratados) os fenômenos biológicos da reparação óssea estiveram presentes, com diferença apenas na cronologia. As reações da reparação óssea confirmaram a biocompatibilidade dos materiais; o grupo tratado com Gelfoam apresentou discreta aceleração no processo de reparação tecidual em relação aos demais grupos, principalmente nos períodos de 14, 30 e 45 dias pós-cirurgia. O Gelfoam foi totalmente reabsorvido; a remoção dos agentes hemostáticos das lojas cirúrgicas acelera o processo de reparação tecidual. Conclusão: Em todos os grupos experimentais, a seqüência de fenômenos biológicos que compõem a reparação óssea esteve presente, havendo diferença na cronologia. As reações apresentadas no reparo ósseo confirmaram a biocompatibilidade dos materiais. A remoção total dos agentes hemostáticos nas lojas cirúrgicas acelera o processo de reparação tecidual...